The primary softwood for structural timber in the Baltic region, valued for its light weight and consistent color.
- Common Name: Norway Spruce, European Spruce, Whitewood
- Scientific Name: Picea abies
- Distribution: Northern and Central Europe
- Tree Size: 35–55 m tall, 1.0–1.5 m trunk diameter
- Average Dried Weight: 405 kg/m³
- Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.34, 0.41
- Janka Hardness: 1,690 N
- Modulus of Rupture: 63.0 MPa
- Elastic Modulus: 9.50 GPa
- Crushing Strength: 33.5 MPa
- Shrinkage: Radial: 3.6%, Tangential: 7.8%, Volumetric: 11.4%, T/R Ratio: 2.2
- Color/Appearance: Typically creamy white with a hint of yellow/red; no distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood.
- Grain/Texture: Straight grain with a fine, even texture.
- Rot Resistance: Non-durable to perishable; very low resistance to decay and insects.
- Workability: Very easy to work; however, small hard knots can cause blade dulling or breakout.
- Common Uses: Paper pulp, construction lumber, crates, and sounding boards for musical instruments.
- Reference Link: The Wood Database: Norway Spruce
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